Monday, February 16, 2009
Sunday, February 15, 2009
Relative Pronouns (1)
¿Qué son los “relative pronouns”? Son palabras que utilizamos en inglés como nexo de unión en una oración con el fin de identificar o proporcionar más información sobre “una persona” o “cosa” previamente mencionada.
Estas palabras son: “who/whom”, “which” y “that”.
En español utilizamos el pronombre “que” o "quien", “el/al cual”, “la cual”... para realizar esta misma función.
Por ejemplo si digo: “El hombre que viste ayer”,”que” me sirve para identificar a un hombre determinado” ¿Cuál?" el que tú viste ayer".
En inglés existe un punto sobre el que debemos prestar atención al hablar: Debemos distinguir si estamos hablando de “una persona” o de “un objeto”. ¿Por qué? Porque el pronombre relativo es distinto según sea una persona o cosa/animal. Veamos para qué sirve cada uno de ellos (fíjate como todas estas palabras llevan una “h intercalada):
Who [hu] /whom es para personas.
Which [güich] es para cosas
That [dat] es para personas o cosas pero con ciertos matices que veremos más adelante.
Mira estos ejemplos:
The girl who is sitting next to you.
La chica que está sentada al lado tuyo.
Nota: No puedo decir: “the girl which
A man whom I don't know.
Un hombre al cual no conozco.
Nota: No puedo decir: “I man which.
The book which you just read.
El libro que acabas de leer.
Nota: No puedo decir: “The book who....
A company which is going to merge.
Una empresa que va a a fusionarse.
Nota: No puedo decir: “A company who...
Consejo: Siempre que vayas a utilizar “who/which” piensa antes si te vas a referir a una persona o cosa y no te equivocarás.
Recuerda: who [ju] para personas y which [güich] para cosas.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre “who” y “whom”?
Whom es más formal que who, lo cual quiere decir que cuando queramos hablar de forma más elegante utilizaremos "whom" en vez de "who".
¿Qué funciones hacen los “relatives pronouns”
who/whom, which, that?
Dos funciones que ya hemos mencionado, pero que repetiremos para que las memorices.
1) Identifican a una persona o cosa. Este tipo de oraciones se llaman “identifying relative clauses”
Ejemplo 1:
He is the person whom I spoke about.
Él es la persona de la que hablé.
Ejemplo 2:
The bag which you gave me.
La bolsa que me diste.
2) Proporcionan más información sobre una persona o cosa previamente identificada. Este tipo de oraciones se llaman: “non-identifying relative clauses”.
Ten en cuenta que la diferencia con el anterior tipo de oración “identifying relative clauses” es muy sutil y la única manera de saber si estamos ante una “non-identifying clause” es fijándose si ya se ha identificado o no a la persona o cosa antes de utilizar “who”, “which” o “that”.
Veamos ejemplos de “non-identifying relative clauses”:
Ejemplo 1:
You already know Mr. Smith, who is one of my best friends.
“Tú ya conoces al Sr. Smith que es uno de mis mejores amigos.”
Nota: En la primera parte de la oración ya hemos identificado a la persona “es el Sr. Smith al cual ya conoces”; luego añadimos más información.
Ejemplo 2:
Thirty years ago my uncle built this house, which is now worth 4.000.000 euros.
Nota: En la primera parte de la oración identifico la casa, luego “which” ya NO me sirve para identificar sino para añadir más información sobre la casa. ¿Entendido?
Observación 1:
Fíjate como en el primer ejemplo he utilizado el nombre de la persona. Si ya tengo el nombre, ya la he identificado.
Observación 2:
Fíjate como en las “identifying relative clauses” no pongo ninguna coma, todas las palabras van seguidas para que no quede ninguna duda de qué o a quién estoy identificando. Sin embargo, en las “non-identifying relative clause”, pongo una coma justo antes de “who o which” para indicar una pausa que me permite añadir información. Importante: Si la” non-identifying relative clause” “who” o “which” van en medio, necesito dos comas, una para abrir y otra para cerrar. Ejemplo: My friend, who you don't know, is coming today. Mi amigo, a quien no conoces, viene hoy.
Estas palabras son: “who/whom”, “which” y “that”.
En español utilizamos el pronombre “que” o "quien", “el/al cual”, “la cual”... para realizar esta misma función.
Por ejemplo si digo: “El hombre que viste ayer”,”que” me sirve para identificar a un hombre determinado” ¿Cuál?" el que tú viste ayer".
En inglés existe un punto sobre el que debemos prestar atención al hablar: Debemos distinguir si estamos hablando de “una persona” o de “un objeto”. ¿Por qué? Porque el pronombre relativo es distinto según sea una persona o cosa/animal. Veamos para qué sirve cada uno de ellos (fíjate como todas estas palabras llevan una “h intercalada):
Who [hu] /whom es para personas.
Which [güich] es para cosas
That [dat] es para personas o cosas pero con ciertos matices que veremos más adelante.
Mira estos ejemplos:
The girl who is sitting next to you.
La chica que está sentada al lado tuyo.
Nota: No puedo decir: “the girl which
A man whom I don't know.
Un hombre al cual no conozco.
Nota: No puedo decir: “I man which.
The book which you just read.
El libro que acabas de leer.
Nota: No puedo decir: “The book who....
A company which is going to merge.
Una empresa que va a a fusionarse.
Nota: No puedo decir: “A company who...
Consejo: Siempre que vayas a utilizar “who/which” piensa antes si te vas a referir a una persona o cosa y no te equivocarás.
Recuerda: who [ju] para personas y which [güich] para cosas.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre “who” y “whom”?
Whom es más formal que who, lo cual quiere decir que cuando queramos hablar de forma más elegante utilizaremos "whom" en vez de "who".
¿Qué funciones hacen los “relatives pronouns”
who/whom, which, that?
Dos funciones que ya hemos mencionado, pero que repetiremos para que las memorices.
1) Identifican a una persona o cosa. Este tipo de oraciones se llaman “identifying relative clauses”
Ejemplo 1:
He is the person whom I spoke about.
Él es la persona de la que hablé.
Ejemplo 2:
The bag which you gave me.
La bolsa que me diste.
2) Proporcionan más información sobre una persona o cosa previamente identificada. Este tipo de oraciones se llaman: “non-identifying relative clauses”.
Ten en cuenta que la diferencia con el anterior tipo de oración “identifying relative clauses” es muy sutil y la única manera de saber si estamos ante una “non-identifying clause” es fijándose si ya se ha identificado o no a la persona o cosa antes de utilizar “who”, “which” o “that”.
Veamos ejemplos de “non-identifying relative clauses”:
Ejemplo 1:
You already know Mr. Smith, who is one of my best friends.
“Tú ya conoces al Sr. Smith que es uno de mis mejores amigos.”
Nota: En la primera parte de la oración ya hemos identificado a la persona “es el Sr. Smith al cual ya conoces”; luego añadimos más información.
Ejemplo 2:
Thirty years ago my uncle built this house, which is now worth 4.000.000 euros.
Nota: En la primera parte de la oración identifico la casa, luego “which” ya NO me sirve para identificar sino para añadir más información sobre la casa. ¿Entendido?
Observación 1:
Fíjate como en el primer ejemplo he utilizado el nombre de la persona. Si ya tengo el nombre, ya la he identificado.
Observación 2:
Fíjate como en las “identifying relative clauses” no pongo ninguna coma, todas las palabras van seguidas para que no quede ninguna duda de qué o a quién estoy identificando. Sin embargo, en las “non-identifying relative clause”, pongo una coma justo antes de “who o which” para indicar una pausa que me permite añadir información. Importante: Si la” non-identifying relative clause” “who” o “which” van en medio, necesito dos comas, una para abrir y otra para cerrar. Ejemplo: My friend, who you don't know, is coming today. Mi amigo, a quien no conoces, viene hoy.
TAG QUESTIONS (4)
Choose the correct answer.
1. You're coming to the party, ___?
a. aren't you
b. isn't you
c. shouldn't you
2. It wasn't very difficult, ___?
a. wasn't it
b. isn't it
c. was it
3. Tom is getting something for Sue, ___?
a. wasn't he
b. isn't he
c. was he
4. It won't be anything expensive, ___?
a. won't it
b. isn't it
c. will it
5. There's some milk in the refrigerator, ___?
a. isn't there
b. isn't it
c. wasn't it
6. We don't need to go to the store today, ___?
a. don't we
b. do I
c. do we
7. Susan can bring some food, ___?
a. won't she
b. will she
c. can't she
9. The party starts at eight o'clock, ___?
a. isn't it
b. doesn't it
c. does it
10. The movie was very long, ___?
a. isn't it
b. wasn't it
c. was it
11. There's a dictionary on the shelf, ___?
a. isn't it
b. isn't there
c. aren't there
12. There's a lot of noise outside, ___?
a. aren't there
b. isn't there
c. is there
13. Mrs. Smith is sick, ___?
a. isn't she
b. is she
c. wasn't she
14. The dishes are dirty, ___?
a. weren't they
b. isn't they
c. aren't they
15. Steven won't be at the party, ___?
a. won't he
b. isn't he
c. will he
16. The math test was very difficult, ___?
a. wasn't it
b. isn't it
c. weren't they
17. We can go tomorrow, ___?
a. won't we
b. can we
c. can't we
18. I'm early, ___?
a. isn't I
b. aren't I
c. are I
19. This shirt is too big for me, ___?
a. isn't it
b. doesn't it
c. does it
20. Emily plays the piano well, ___?
a. isn't it
b. does she
c. doesn't she
21. Your neighbors went on vacation, ___?
a. isn't they
b. didn't they
c. aren't they
1. You're coming to the party, ___?
a. aren't you
b. isn't you
c. shouldn't you
2. It wasn't very difficult, ___?
a. wasn't it
b. isn't it
c. was it
3. Tom is getting something for Sue, ___?
a. wasn't he
b. isn't he
c. was he
4. It won't be anything expensive, ___?
a. won't it
b. isn't it
c. will it
5. There's some milk in the refrigerator, ___?
a. isn't there
b. isn't it
c. wasn't it
6. We don't need to go to the store today, ___?
a. don't we
b. do I
c. do we
7. Susan can bring some food, ___?
a. won't she
b. will she
c. can't she
9. The party starts at eight o'clock, ___?
a. isn't it
b. doesn't it
c. does it
10. The movie was very long, ___?
a. isn't it
b. wasn't it
c. was it
11. There's a dictionary on the shelf, ___?
a. isn't it
b. isn't there
c. aren't there
12. There's a lot of noise outside, ___?
a. aren't there
b. isn't there
c. is there
13. Mrs. Smith is sick, ___?
a. isn't she
b. is she
c. wasn't she
14. The dishes are dirty, ___?
a. weren't they
b. isn't they
c. aren't they
15. Steven won't be at the party, ___?
a. won't he
b. isn't he
c. will he
16. The math test was very difficult, ___?
a. wasn't it
b. isn't it
c. weren't they
17. We can go tomorrow, ___?
a. won't we
b. can we
c. can't we
18. I'm early, ___?
a. isn't I
b. aren't I
c. are I
19. This shirt is too big for me, ___?
a. isn't it
b. doesn't it
c. does it
20. Emily plays the piano well, ___?
a. isn't it
b. does she
c. doesn't she
21. Your neighbors went on vacation, ___?
a. isn't they
b. didn't they
c. aren't they
TAG QUESTIONS (3)
Choose the correct answer: TRANSLATE.
1. You are a student,
a)are you?
b)aren't you?
2. She can drive,
a)can't she?
b)can she?
3. That car is too expensive,
a)isn't it?
b)isn't that?
4. Larry wasn't at home yesterday,
a) is he?
b) was he?
5. Lisa is going to the party,
a) doesn't she?
b) isn't she?
6. There aren't enough chairs for everyone,
a) are there?
b) is there?
7. The bus stops here,
a) doesn't it?
b) isn't it?
8. She doesn't agree with you,
a) does she?
b) do you?
1. You are a student,
a)are you?
b)aren't you?
2. She can drive,
a)can't she?
b)can she?
3. That car is too expensive,
a)isn't it?
b)isn't that?
4. Larry wasn't at home yesterday,
a) is he?
b) was he?
5. Lisa is going to the party,
a) doesn't she?
b) isn't she?
6. There aren't enough chairs for everyone,
a) are there?
b) is there?
7. The bus stops here,
a) doesn't it?
b) isn't it?
8. She doesn't agree with you,
a) does she?
b) do you?
TAG QUESTIONS (2)
Choose the correct tag to finish the sentence.
1. Teresa is an accountant,___?
a) aren't she?
b) doesn't she?
c) isn't she?
d) She isn't?
2. I am a good worker,___?
a) I am?
b) do I?
c) amn't I?
d) aren't I?
3. Peirre is a grandfather,___?
a) he isn't?
b) isn't he?
c) he is?
d) doesn't he?
4. Kate is a doctor, ___?
a) she is?
b) is she?
c) doesn't she?
d) isn't she?
5. Jacques and Alicia are students, ___?
a) aren't they?
b) are they?
c) isn't he?
d) isn't they?
6. Mario is at work right now, ___?
a) aren't they?
b) isn't he?
c) is he?
d) isn't she?
7. I'm here, ___?
a) am I not?
b) am not I?
c) amn't I?
d) aren't you?
8. You and I are busy right now, ___?
a) aren't I?
b) aren't we?
c) we aren't?
d) aren't you?
9. It's windy today, ___?
a) am I?
b) aren't they?
c) isn't it?
d) isn't he?
10. I am ready for the next exercise, ___?
a) isn't it?
b) don't I?
c) aren't you?
d) aren't I?
1. Teresa is an accountant,___?
a) aren't she?
b) doesn't she?
c) isn't she?
d) She isn't?
2. I am a good worker,___?
a) I am?
b) do I?
c) amn't I?
d) aren't I?
3. Peirre is a grandfather,___?
a) he isn't?
b) isn't he?
c) he is?
d) doesn't he?
4. Kate is a doctor, ___?
a) she is?
b) is she?
c) doesn't she?
d) isn't she?
5. Jacques and Alicia are students, ___?
a) aren't they?
b) are they?
c) isn't he?
d) isn't they?
6. Mario is at work right now, ___?
a) aren't they?
b) isn't he?
c) is he?
d) isn't she?
7. I'm here, ___?
a) am I not?
b) am not I?
c) amn't I?
d) aren't you?
8. You and I are busy right now, ___?
a) aren't I?
b) aren't we?
c) we aren't?
d) aren't you?
9. It's windy today, ___?
a) am I?
b) aren't they?
c) isn't it?
d) isn't he?
10. I am ready for the next exercise, ___?
a) isn't it?
b) don't I?
c) aren't you?
d) aren't I?
TAG QUESTIONS (1)
Los tag questions son pequeñas frases o preguntas (mini-questions) que se colocan al final de una oración afirmativa o negativa y que generalmente tienen como objetivo confirmar o negar el contenido de la frase misma. Es el equivalente al ¿verdad? en español o al ¿no? más utilizado en países de América.
TRES REGLAS BASICAS QUE DEBES RECORDAR
1. Los tag questions utilizan siempre los verbos auxiliares.
2. Con oraciones afirmativas utilizamos un tag question en NEGATIVO.
3. Con oraciones negativas utilizamos un tag question en AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO.
Analicemos ahora las diferentes alternativas que pueden presentarse:
a) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENT SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO: aren't you? isn't he? isn't she? isn't it? aren't we? aren't you? aren't they?
Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos:
a) It's a beautiful day, isn't it? (Es un día hermoso, ¿no?)
b) Martha is angry, isn't she? (Marta está enojada, ¿verdad?)
c) You are really tired, aren't you? (Estás muy cansado, ¿no?)
d) They're very nice people, aren't they? (Son personas muy agradables, ¿no?)
e) You are coming tomorrow, aren't you? (Vas a venir mañana, ¿verdad?)
f) Pedro's flying now, isn't he? (Pedro está volando en estos momentos, ¿no?)
Por favor recuerda que, en inglés americano y UNICAMENTE en este caso en particular, para la primera persona del verbo to be se utiliza aren't I? como equivalente de am I not?: Ejemplos:
a) I'm late, aren't I? (Llego tarde, ¿no?)
b) I'm arriving late at night, aren't I? (LLegaré tarde por la noche, ¿no?)
b) ORACIONES NEGATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENT SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO:
am I?
are you?
is he?
is she?
is it?
are we?
are you?
are they?
Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos:
a) I'm not late, am I? (No llego tarde, ¿no?)
b) It isn't a beautiful day, is it? (No es un día hermoso, ¿verdad?)
c) Martha isn't angry, is she? (Marta no está enojada, ¿no?)
d) You aren't really tired, are you? (No estás muy cansado, ¿verdad?)
e) They aren't very nice people, are they? (No son personas muy agradables, ¿no?)
f) You aren't coming tomorrow, are you? (No vas a venir mañana, ¿no?)
g) Pedro isn't flying now, is he? (Pedro no está volando en estos momentos, ¿no?)
c) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PAST SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO:
wasn't I?
weren't you?
wasn't he?
wan't she?
wasn't it?
weren't we?
weren't you?
were't they?
Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos:
a) It was a beautiful day, wasn't it? (Fue un día hermoso, ¿verdad?)
b) Martha was angry, wasn't she? (Marta estaba enojada, ¿no?)
c) You were really tired, weren't you? (Estabas muy cansado, ¿verdad?)
d) You were studying at 6, weren't you? (Estuviste estudiando a las 6, ¿no?)
e) He was flying when I phoned, wasn't he? (Estaba volando cuando llamé, ¿no?)
TRES REGLAS BASICAS QUE DEBES RECORDAR
1. Los tag questions utilizan siempre los verbos auxiliares.
2. Con oraciones afirmativas utilizamos un tag question en NEGATIVO.
3. Con oraciones negativas utilizamos un tag question en AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO.
Analicemos ahora las diferentes alternativas que pueden presentarse:
a) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENT SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO: aren't you? isn't he? isn't she? isn't it? aren't we? aren't you? aren't they?
Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos:
a) It's a beautiful day, isn't it? (Es un día hermoso, ¿no?)
b) Martha is angry, isn't she? (Marta está enojada, ¿verdad?)
c) You are really tired, aren't you? (Estás muy cansado, ¿no?)
d) They're very nice people, aren't they? (Son personas muy agradables, ¿no?)
e) You are coming tomorrow, aren't you? (Vas a venir mañana, ¿verdad?)
f) Pedro's flying now, isn't he? (Pedro está volando en estos momentos, ¿no?)
Por favor recuerda que, en inglés americano y UNICAMENTE en este caso en particular, para la primera persona del verbo to be se utiliza aren't I? como equivalente de am I not?: Ejemplos:
a) I'm late, aren't I? (Llego tarde, ¿no?)
b) I'm arriving late at night, aren't I? (LLegaré tarde por la noche, ¿no?)
b) ORACIONES NEGATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENT SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en AFIRMATIVO o POSITIVO:
am I?
are you?
is he?
is she?
is it?
are we?
are you?
are they?
Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos:
a) I'm not late, am I? (No llego tarde, ¿no?)
b) It isn't a beautiful day, is it? (No es un día hermoso, ¿verdad?)
c) Martha isn't angry, is she? (Marta no está enojada, ¿no?)
d) You aren't really tired, are you? (No estás muy cansado, ¿verdad?)
e) They aren't very nice people, are they? (No son personas muy agradables, ¿no?)
f) You aren't coming tomorrow, are you? (No vas a venir mañana, ¿no?)
g) Pedro isn't flying now, is he? (Pedro no está volando en estos momentos, ¿no?)
c) ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS CON EL VERBO TO BE EN PAST SIMPLE O CONTINUO.
Se utiliza la misma forma del verbo en NEGATIVO:
wasn't I?
weren't you?
wasn't he?
wan't she?
wasn't it?
weren't we?
weren't you?
were't they?
Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos:
a) It was a beautiful day, wasn't it? (Fue un día hermoso, ¿verdad?)
b) Martha was angry, wasn't she? (Marta estaba enojada, ¿no?)
c) You were really tired, weren't you? (Estabas muy cansado, ¿verdad?)
d) You were studying at 6, weren't you? (Estuviste estudiando a las 6, ¿no?)
e) He was flying when I phoned, wasn't he? (Estaba volando cuando llamé, ¿no?)
Past Passive Voice (3)
Exercise on Passive Voice - Simple Past
Rewrite the sentences in passive voice. TRANSLATE.
1. She sang a song.
______________________________________
______________________________________
2. Somebody hit me.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
3. We stopped the bus.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
4. A thief stole my car.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
5. They didn't let him go.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
6. She didn't win the prize.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7. They didn't make their beds.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8. I did not tell them.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
9. Did you tell them?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
10. Did he send the letter?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Rewrite the sentences in passive voice. TRANSLATE.
1. She sang a song.
______________________________________
______________________________________
2. Somebody hit me.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
3. We stopped the bus.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
4. A thief stole my car.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
5. They didn't let him go.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
6. She didn't win the prize.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7. They didn't make their beds.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8. I did not tell them.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
9. Did you tell them?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
10. Did he send the letter?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Past Passive Voice (2)
Rewrite the given sentences in Passive voice. TRANSLATE
Example: Frank built a house.___________________
Answer: A house was built. or A house was built by Frank.
1) She bought four apples..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2) We won the match.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
3) The man stole the blue car..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
4) The police arrested the thieves.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
5) Jack swam the 200 metres.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
6) The dog bit the old lady..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
7) Tom and Max ate five hamburgers.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
8) Oliver taught the children.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
9) Victoria rode the brown horse.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
10) Grandmother told good stories.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Example: Frank built a house.___________________
Answer: A house was built. or A house was built by Frank.
1) She bought four apples..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2) We won the match.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
3) The man stole the blue car..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
4) The police arrested the thieves.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
5) Jack swam the 200 metres.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
6) The dog bit the old lady..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
7) Tom and Max ate five hamburgers.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
8) Oliver taught the children.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
9) Victoria rode the brown horse.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
10) Grandmother told good stories.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Past Passive Voice (1)
Change the sentences to the Past Passive Voice. TRANSLATE.
1. Someone broke into our house last night.
________________________________________
2. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
________________________________________
3. Millions of people have read that book.
________________________________________
4. The police are looking for the missing paintings.
________________________________________
5. They should have told him.
________________________________________
6. Workmen were cleaning the entry to the museum.
________________________________________
7. He invited me to the party.
________________________________________
8. They have not opened the doors yet.
________________________________________
9. Somebody will deliver the package before 9 o'clock.
________________________________________
10. Nobody noticed his mistake.
________________________________________
1. Someone broke into our house last night.
________________________________________
2. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
________________________________________
3. Millions of people have read that book.
________________________________________
4. The police are looking for the missing paintings.
________________________________________
5. They should have told him.
________________________________________
6. Workmen were cleaning the entry to the museum.
________________________________________
7. He invited me to the party.
________________________________________
8. They have not opened the doors yet.
________________________________________
9. Somebody will deliver the package before 9 o'clock.
________________________________________
10. Nobody noticed his mistake.
________________________________________
Passive Voice (PARAGRAPHS/ESSAYS)
Paragraphs and Short Essays with Readings.
Practicing I
Write "A" in the blank beside the sentence in the active voice,
"P" in the blank beside the sentence in the passive voice.
a. _______ Louise made the coffee.
b. _______ The coffee was made by Louise.
c. _______ The package was advertised by the travel agent.
d. _______ The travel agent advertised the package.
Practicing II
Rewrite these sentences to put them in the active voice.
a. The sugar water was relished by the hummingbirds.
____________________________________________
b. Jogging is done by many people for exercise.
____________________________________________
c. A standing ovation was given to the guitar player.
____________________________________________
d. The syllabus was handed out by the professor.
____________________________________________
Practicing III
Rewrite the following paragraph in the active voice, on the back of this page, or in your notebook.
Last summer our house was painted by me. The job took about two weeks. First, the
exterior was washed using warm water and a mild detergent. Then all the chinks and pores in the walls were sealed with putty.
After the putty had had a chance to dry, the exterior could be painted.
A latex paint was used because it is easy to apply and cleans up with water. A whole
week was needed to finish this part of the job. I was very careful to apply the paint evenly
because I did not want to have to apply two coats. A color was used that was very close to the
original color. Our house is a two-story house, which meant that a tall ladder was needed to do
the second story. The paint can had to be balanced on the top rung of the ladder while I worked.
When the job was finished, a great deal of satisfaction was felt by me. I had to pat myself on the
back. Even my dad said that a good job was done.
Practicing I
Write "A" in the blank beside the sentence in the active voice,
"P" in the blank beside the sentence in the passive voice.
a. _______ Louise made the coffee.
b. _______ The coffee was made by Louise.
c. _______ The package was advertised by the travel agent.
d. _______ The travel agent advertised the package.
Practicing II
Rewrite these sentences to put them in the active voice.
a. The sugar water was relished by the hummingbirds.
____________________________________________
b. Jogging is done by many people for exercise.
____________________________________________
c. A standing ovation was given to the guitar player.
____________________________________________
d. The syllabus was handed out by the professor.
____________________________________________
Practicing III
Rewrite the following paragraph in the active voice, on the back of this page, or in your notebook.
Last summer our house was painted by me. The job took about two weeks. First, the
exterior was washed using warm water and a mild detergent. Then all the chinks and pores in the walls were sealed with putty.
After the putty had had a chance to dry, the exterior could be painted.
A latex paint was used because it is easy to apply and cleans up with water. A whole
week was needed to finish this part of the job. I was very careful to apply the paint evenly
because I did not want to have to apply two coats. A color was used that was very close to the
original color. Our house is a two-story house, which meant that a tall ladder was needed to do
the second story. The paint can had to be balanced on the top rung of the ladder while I worked.
When the job was finished, a great deal of satisfaction was felt by me. I had to pat myself on the
back. Even my dad said that a good job was done.
Saturday, February 14, 2009
The Statue of Liberty Passive (ESSAYS)
Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). You must either use Simple Present or Simple Past. TRANSLATE.1. The Statue of Liberty _____________ (give) to the United States by France.
2. It ___________ (be) a present on the 100th anniversary of the United States.
3. The Statue of Liberty ___________ (design) by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi.
4. It ____________(complete) in France in July 1884.
5. In 350 pieces, the statue then ____________ (ship) to New York, where it
_____________ (arrive) on 17 June 1885.
6. The pieces ____________ (put) together and the opening ceremony (take) place on 28 October 1886.
7. The Statue of Liberty ____________ (be) 46 m high (93 m including the base).
8. The statue ____________ (represent) the goddess of liberty.
9. She ____________ (hold) a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left hand.
10. On the tablet you ____________ (see / can) the date of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776).
10. Every year, the Statue of Liberty ____________ (visit) by many people from all over the world.
Washington, DC Passive (ESSAYS)
Washington, DC is the capital of the United States. DC stands for District of Columbia. The citizens of Washington, DC have no voting representation in Congress and are not al all represented in the Senate.
White House
The White House is the working place and residence of the United States President. It was built between 1792 and 1800 and has 132 rooms. There is also a swimming pool, movie theater, tennis court and bowling lane.
White House
The White House is the working place and residence of the United States President. It was built between 1792 and 1800 and has 132 rooms. There is also a swimming pool, movie theater, tennis court and bowling lane.
United States Capitol
A long mall connects the White House and the Capitol home of Congress. The House of Representatives is in the south wing and the Senate in the north wing. On Inauguration Day (January 20), the President holds his inaugural address on the steps of the Capitol and then usually parades from the Capitol to the White House.
Exercise
Rewrite the active sentences in passive voice and the passive sentences in active voice.
1. Active: Many people visit Washington.
Passive: _________________________________
2. Active: ________________________________
Passive: The White House was built by James Hoban.
3. Active: ________________________________
Passive: The White House and the Capitol are connected by Pennsylvania Avenue.
4. Active: In the Capitol, workers are building a visitors center.
Passive: _________________________________
5. Active: They will probably finish it in 2006.
Passive: _________________________________
Friday, February 13, 2009
Friday, February 6, 2009
PASSIVE VOICE (4)
Rewrite the given sentences in Passive voice.
Example: Frank builds a house.
Answer: A house is built. or
A house is built by Frank.
1) Mr Jones watches the film..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2) The people speak English..
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3) He reads comics..
_______________________________________
_________________________________________
4) We play volleyball..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
5) They sing the song..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
6) I take photos..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
7) She does the housework..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
8) The policemen help the children..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
9) He writes text messages..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
10) Mother waters the flowers..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Example: Frank builds a house.
Answer: A house is built. or
A house is built by Frank.
1) Mr Jones watches the film..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
2) The people speak English..
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3) He reads comics..
_______________________________________
_________________________________________
4) We play volleyball..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
5) They sing the song..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
6) I take photos..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
7) She does the housework..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
8) The policemen help the children..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
9) He writes text messages..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
10) Mother waters the flowers..
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
PASSIVE VOICE (3)
Rewrite the sentences using Passive voice. TRANSLATE
Example:Peter writes a letter.
Answer: A letter is written. or
A letter is written by Peter.
1) Julia rescued three cats..
________________________________________
________________________________________
2) The students handed in the reports..
________________________________________
________________________________________
3) Maria crashed into the blue car..
________________________________________
________________________________________
4) Alex learned the poem..
________________________________________
________________________________________
5) Steven has forgotten the book..
________________________________________
________________________________________
6) The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder..
________________________________________
________________________________________
7) They play handball..
______________________________________
______________________________________
8) Sue puts the potatoe sack on the floor..
______________________________________
________________________________________
9) The girls had lost the match..
________________________________________
________________________________________
10) The teacher is not going to open the window..
________________________________________
________________________________________
Example:Peter writes a letter.
Answer: A letter is written. or
A letter is written by Peter.
1) Julia rescued three cats..
________________________________________
________________________________________
2) The students handed in the reports..
________________________________________
________________________________________
3) Maria crashed into the blue car..
________________________________________
________________________________________
4) Alex learned the poem..
________________________________________
________________________________________
5) Steven has forgotten the book..
________________________________________
________________________________________
6) The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder..
________________________________________
________________________________________
7) They play handball..
______________________________________
______________________________________
8) Sue puts the potatoe sack on the floor..
______________________________________
________________________________________
9) The girls had lost the match..
________________________________________
________________________________________
10) The teacher is not going to open the window..
________________________________________
________________________________________
Monday, February 2, 2009
PASSIVE VOICE (2)
Rewrite the sentences in the Passive Voice and Translate.
1. He opens the door. _____________________________
___________________________________________
2. We set the table. _____________________________
___________________________________________
3. She pays a lot of money. _______________________
___________________________________________
4. I draw a picture. _____________________________
_____________________________________________
5. They wear blue shoes. _________________________
__________________________________________
6. They don’t help you. __________________________
__________________________________________
7. He doesn’t open the book. ______________________
_____________________________________________
8. You do not write the letter. ____________________
____________________________________________
9. Does the police catch the thief? _________________
_________________________________________
10. Does your mom pick you up? __________________
_________________________________________
1. He opens the door. _____________________________
___________________________________________
2. We set the table. _____________________________
___________________________________________
3. She pays a lot of money. _______________________
___________________________________________
4. I draw a picture. _____________________________
_____________________________________________
5. They wear blue shoes. _________________________
__________________________________________
6. They don’t help you. __________________________
__________________________________________
7. He doesn’t open the book. ______________________
_____________________________________________
8. You do not write the letter. ____________________
____________________________________________
9. Does the police catch the thief? _________________
_________________________________________
10. Does your mom pick you up? __________________
_________________________________________
PASSIVE VOICE (1)
A PASSIVE VERB FORM IS MADE WITH “BE” + past participle.
The subject of a passive verb is usually the person or thing that
is affected by the action on the verb. Write passive sentences in Simple Present. Translate.
1. the documents / print The documents are printed.
_________________________________________
2. the window / open ___________________________
________________________________________
3. the shoes / buy _____________________________
________________________________________
4. the car / wash _____________________________
_______________________________________
5. the litter / throw away ______________________
______________________________________
6. the letter / send __________________________
______________________________________
7. the book / read / not _______________________
______________________________________
8. the songs / sing / not ______________________
_____________________________________
9. the food / eat / not _______________________
_____________________________________
10. the shop / close / not _____________________
_____________________________________
The subject of a passive verb is usually the person or thing that
is affected by the action on the verb. Write passive sentences in Simple Present. Translate.
1. the documents / print The documents are printed.
_________________________________________
2. the window / open ___________________________
________________________________________
3. the shoes / buy _____________________________
________________________________________
4. the car / wash _____________________________
_______________________________________
5. the litter / throw away ______________________
______________________________________
6. the letter / send __________________________
______________________________________
7. the book / read / not _______________________
______________________________________
8. the songs / sing / not ______________________
_____________________________________
9. the food / eat / not _______________________
_____________________________________
10. the shop / close / not _____________________
_____________________________________
SIMPLE PAST / PAST PERFECT (6)
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
I can't believe I _______________ (get) that apartment.
I _______________ (submit) my
application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I
_______________(show) up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people
who _______________ (arrive) before me. Most of them (fill, already) out their applications
and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.
I ______________ (try) to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They
______________ (want) me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous
landlord because I _______________ (have) some problems with him in the past and I knew
he wouldn't recommend me. I _______________(end) up listing my father as a reference.
It was total luck that he _______________ (decide) to give me the apartment. It turns out
that the landlord and my father _______________ (go) to high school together. He decided
that I could have the apartment before he _______________ (look) at my credit report. I
really lucked out!
I can't believe I _______________ (get) that apartment.
I _______________ (submit) my
application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I
_______________(show) up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people
who _______________ (arrive) before me. Most of them (fill, already) out their applications
and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.
I ______________ (try) to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They
______________ (want) me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous
landlord because I _______________ (have) some problems with him in the past and I knew
he wouldn't recommend me. I _______________(end) up listing my father as a reference.
It was total luck that he _______________ (decide) to give me the apartment. It turns out
that the landlord and my father _______________ (go) to high school together. He decided
that I could have the apartment before he _______________ (look) at my credit report. I
really lucked out!
PAST PERFECT MIXED (5)
Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple). TRANSLATE
1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build).
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2. He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make).
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) six weeks before.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order).
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) the week before.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) from the tree.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
9. (he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
10 She (not / ride) a horse before that day.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build).
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2. He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make).
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) six weeks before.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order).
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) the week before.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) from the tree.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
9. (he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
10 She (not / ride) a horse before that day.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
PAST PERFECT QUESTIONS (4)
Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple. TRANSLATE
1. (what / Bob / do) that he was kept in after school?
___________________________________
_____________________________________
2. (you / eat) anything before you went to the theatre?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
3. (he / live) in London before he moved to Glasgow?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
4. (she / find) a new job by that time?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
5. (they / book) a room before they went to Dublin?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
6. (how often / you / ring) the bell before he answered the door?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7. (why / they / have) dinner before they came to the party?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8. (Carly / wash) the dishes when her mum came home?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
9. (you / read) the contract before you signed it?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
10. (who / live) in the house before we moved in?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1. (what / Bob / do) that he was kept in after school?
___________________________________
_____________________________________
2. (you / eat) anything before you went to the theatre?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
3. (he / live) in London before he moved to Glasgow?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
4. (she / find) a new job by that time?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
5. (they / book) a room before they went to Dublin?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
6. (how often / you / ring) the bell before he answered the door?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7. (why / they / have) dinner before they came to the party?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8. (Carly / wash) the dishes when her mum came home?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
9. (you / read) the contract before you signed it?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
10. (who / live) in the house before we moved in?
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Positive Sentences in Past Perfect (3)
Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple. TRANSLATE
The pupils talked about the film they __________ (watch) .
________________________________________
I was late for work because I ___________ (miss) the bus.
________________________________________
We lived in the house that my father ___________ (build).
________________________________________
We admired the picture that Lucy __________ (paint).
________________________________________
They watered the trees that they __________ (plant).
________________________________________
The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils __________ (write).
________________________________________
I received a good mark in my test because I ___________ (practise) on ego4u.
________________________________________
The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I ___________ (order).
________________________________________
I had to clean the floor because my cats _________ (knock) over the flower pots.
________________________________________
My friend was in hospital because she __________ (slip) on a banana skin.
________________________________________
The pupils talked about the film they __________ (watch) .
________________________________________
I was late for work because I ___________ (miss) the bus.
________________________________________
We lived in the house that my father ___________ (build).
________________________________________
We admired the picture that Lucy __________ (paint).
________________________________________
They watered the trees that they __________ (plant).
________________________________________
The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils __________ (write).
________________________________________
I received a good mark in my test because I ___________ (practise) on ego4u.
________________________________________
The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I ___________ (order).
________________________________________
I had to clean the floor because my cats _________ (knock) over the flower pots.
________________________________________
My friend was in hospital because she __________ (slip) on a banana skin.
________________________________________
Forming the Past Perfect (2)
Choose the correct answer, and then rewrite the sentence correctly and TRANSLATE.1. What is the correct past perfect form of "I do the laundry"?
I have done the laundry.
I did the laundry.
I had did the laundry.
I had done the laundry.
2. What is the correct past perfect form of "She makes some delicious cookies"?
She had made some delicious cookies.
She has made some delicious cookies.
She made some delicious cookies.
She had make some delicious cookies.
3. What is the correct past perfect form of "We visit Paris"?
We'd visit Paris.
We'd visiting Paris.
We'd visited Paris.
We've visited Paris.
4. What is the correct past perfect form of "We can rent a car"?
We had rented a car.
We had been able to rent a car.
We could rent a car.
We 'd rent a car.
5. What is the correct past perfect form of "It is hot."?
It was hot.
It had hot.
It had be hot.
It had been hot.
PAST PERFECT (1)
Aux. verb "HAD"
+ past participle
____________
Past Perfect Tense
Examples:
You had studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the tense in brackets (past perfect simple or continuous). The correction is at the end of the page.
1. When their mother arrived home, the children __________________ (finish) their homework.
2. The meeting ____________ (start) when I arrived at the office.
3. Julie didn't watch the film because she _____________ (see) it before.
4. The mechanic ______________(repair) her car when Mary arrived at the garage.
5. Caroline was tired when she left the office because she ________________(be) working all day.
6. David was playing tennis. When his father arrived, he __________________(be) playing for 2 hours.
7. When the dessert arrived, Anne wasn't hungry; she _______________(eat) too much.
8. It was my first flight. I ________________ (never fly) before.
9. The dentist was angry because John _______________ (forget) the time of his appointment.
10. On the day of his exam, Joe was ready. He ________________ (be) revising for weeks.
+ past participle
____________
Past Perfect Tense
Examples:
You had studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the tense in brackets (past perfect simple or continuous). The correction is at the end of the page.
1. When their mother arrived home, the children __________________ (finish) their homework.
2. The meeting ____________ (start) when I arrived at the office.
3. Julie didn't watch the film because she _____________ (see) it before.
4. The mechanic ______________(repair) her car when Mary arrived at the garage.
5. Caroline was tired when she left the office because she ________________(be) working all day.
6. David was playing tennis. When his father arrived, he __________________(be) playing for 2 hours.
7. When the dessert arrived, Anne wasn't hungry; she _______________(eat) too much.
8. It was my first flight. I ________________ (never fly) before.
9. The dentist was angry because John _______________ (forget) the time of his appointment.
10. On the day of his exam, Joe was ready. He ________________ (be) revising for weeks.
PRESENT / PAST PERFECT (8)
Present & Past Perfect. Change the affirmative
sentences to negative and interrogative.
1. Juan Gabriel has composed the popular Mexican song “Noa, Noa”
___________________________________
___________________________________?
2. Jules Verne had written 20,000 “Leagues Under the Sea”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
4. Madame Marie & Pierre Curie had discovered radium.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
5. Robert Koch had established bacteriology.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
6. Galileo Galilee had made the first thermometer.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
7. Ricky Martin has composed the song “Living la Vida Loca”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
8. Walt Disney had produced the first cartoon of “Mickey Mouse”
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
9. Mother Teresa of Calcutta had been given the Nobel Peace
Price (1979)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________?
10. Martin Luther King had been a Civil Rights leader, until 1968.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
11. Samuel Clemens had written books under the pen name “Mark Twain”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
12. Jacopo Robusti Tintoretto had painted “The Last Supper” (1518-1594)
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
13. The Trojan War had been fought in 1193 B. C. in Asia Minor.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
14. The Mexican war had been fought in 1836 in the “Alamo” Texas.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________?
15. Carlo Collodi, had written “The adventures of Pinocchio”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
16. Alan Shepard Jr. had been the first American in Space. (May, 5 1961)
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
17. Wilma and Fred Flintstone had been a world famous pair.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
18. Benito Pablo Juarez had been a famous world figure.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
19. Clara Barton had founded the American Red Cross.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
20. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (handicapped) had been elected to four terms
of office.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
21. Rudyard Kipling had been the famous author of the “Jungle Book”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
sentences to negative and interrogative.
1. Juan Gabriel has composed the popular Mexican song “Noa, Noa”
___________________________________
___________________________________?
2. Jules Verne had written 20,000 “Leagues Under the Sea”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
4. Madame Marie & Pierre Curie had discovered radium.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
5. Robert Koch had established bacteriology.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
6. Galileo Galilee had made the first thermometer.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
7. Ricky Martin has composed the song “Living la Vida Loca”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
8. Walt Disney had produced the first cartoon of “Mickey Mouse”
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
9. Mother Teresa of Calcutta had been given the Nobel Peace
Price (1979)
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________?
10. Martin Luther King had been a Civil Rights leader, until 1968.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
11. Samuel Clemens had written books under the pen name “Mark Twain”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
12. Jacopo Robusti Tintoretto had painted “The Last Supper” (1518-1594)
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
13. The Trojan War had been fought in 1193 B. C. in Asia Minor.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
14. The Mexican war had been fought in 1836 in the “Alamo” Texas.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________?
15. Carlo Collodi, had written “The adventures of Pinocchio”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
16. Alan Shepard Jr. had been the first American in Space. (May, 5 1961)
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
17. Wilma and Fred Flintstone had been a world famous pair.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
18. Benito Pablo Juarez had been a famous world figure.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
19. Clara Barton had founded the American Red Cross.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
20. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (handicapped) had been elected to four terms
of office.
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
21. Rudyard Kipling had been the famous author of the “Jungle Book”
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________?
PRESENT PERFECT "THE CITY" (7)
Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect form, the
correct pronouns, and the
correct pronouns, and the
Past Tense of the verb.
1. Alex isn’t going to the Post Office today.
He’s already gone to the Post Office.
He went to the Post Office yesterday.
2. I’m not going to the bakery today.
I ___________ already ________________ to the
bakery this week.
I _________________ to the bakery on Friday..
3. Shirley isn’t going to work the grave yard shift in the drugstore today.
She __________ already ________________ the grave yard shift.
She ________________ the grave yard shift yesterday.
4. We aren’t going to go to the book store in the afternoon.
_______________ already ___________________ to the book store.
______________________________ to the book store last Monday.
5. Ted isn’t going to fix the traffic light.
_______________ already _________________ the traffic light.
________________ it on Saturday.
6. Alan and Irene aren’t going to take the subway to work.
_________________ already ________________ the subway all week.
____________________ the subway yesterday, today they’ll go by bus.
1. Alex isn’t going to the Post Office today.
He’s already gone to the Post Office.
He went to the Post Office yesterday.
2. I’m not going to the bakery today.
I ___________ already ________________ to the
bakery this week.
I _________________ to the bakery on Friday..
3. Shirley isn’t going to work the grave yard shift in the drugstore today.
She __________ already ________________ the grave yard shift.
She ________________ the grave yard shift yesterday.
4. We aren’t going to go to the book store in the afternoon.
_______________ already ___________________ to the book store.
______________________________ to the book store last Monday.
5. Ted isn’t going to fix the traffic light.
_______________ already _________________ the traffic light.
________________ it on Saturday.
6. Alan and Irene aren’t going to take the subway to work.
_________________ already ________________ the subway all week.
____________________ the subway yesterday, today they’ll go by bus.
PRESENT PERFECT vs. PAST TENSE (6)
Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect form, the correct
pronouns, and the Past Tense of the verb.
1. Donald isn’t going to go to the beach today.
He’s already gone to the beach this week.
He went to the beach yesterday.
2. I’m not going to write to my granddaughter today.
___________ already ________________ to her this week.
_________________ to her on Monday.
3. Shirley isn’t going to eat any pizza tonight.
__________ already ________________ pizza this week.
________________ pizza on Friday.
4. We aren’t going to do our laundry today.
___________ already ___________________ our laundry this week.
___________________ our laundry yesterday.
5. Ted isn’t going to wear his black suit today.
___________ already _________________ his black suit this week.
________________ it on Saturday.
6. Alan and Irene aren’t going to take a violin lesson today.
___________ already _________________ a violin lesson this week.
__________________ a violin lesson on Tuesday.
7. Sixto isn’t going to fix my computer today.
________ already _________ my computer this week.
________________ it last week.
8. My grandmother is not going to weave another basket.
___________ already ________________ this week.
_________________ a basket last Monday.
9. Delia is not going to sweep the living room today.
__________ already ________________ the living room this week.
_____________________ it the day before yesterday.
10. We are not going to have Olympic games this year.
___________ already ___________________ two years ago.
__________________ the Olympic games the last leap year.
11. My aunt isn’t going to swing the baby outside this afternoon.
___________ already _________________ the baby today.
________________ him in the morning.
12. The students aren’t going to take drama classes this week.
___________ already _________________ drama lesson this week.
__________________ drama lesson on Tuesday.
pronouns, and the Past Tense of the verb.
1. Donald isn’t going to go to the beach today.
He’s already gone to the beach this week.
He went to the beach yesterday.
2. I’m not going to write to my granddaughter today.
___________ already ________________ to her this week.
_________________ to her on Monday.
3. Shirley isn’t going to eat any pizza tonight.
__________ already ________________ pizza this week.
________________ pizza on Friday.
4. We aren’t going to do our laundry today.
___________ already ___________________ our laundry this week.
___________________ our laundry yesterday.
5. Ted isn’t going to wear his black suit today.
___________ already _________________ his black suit this week.
________________ it on Saturday.
6. Alan and Irene aren’t going to take a violin lesson today.
___________ already _________________ a violin lesson this week.
__________________ a violin lesson on Tuesday.
7. Sixto isn’t going to fix my computer today.
________ already _________ my computer this week.
________________ it last week.
8. My grandmother is not going to weave another basket.
___________ already ________________ this week.
_________________ a basket last Monday.
9. Delia is not going to sweep the living room today.
__________ already ________________ the living room this week.
_____________________ it the day before yesterday.
10. We are not going to have Olympic games this year.
___________ already ___________________ two years ago.
__________________ the Olympic games the last leap year.
11. My aunt isn’t going to swing the baby outside this afternoon.
___________ already _________________ the baby today.
________________ him in the morning.
12. The students aren’t going to take drama classes this week.
___________ already _________________ drama lesson this week.
__________________ drama lesson on Tuesday.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE. (5)
Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect form and the verb in parenthesis. Translate the sentences.
1. Mr. and Mrs. Smith _________ _______________ their house. (sold)
______________________________________________________________________
2. Those tourists _________ ______________ all of our national monuments.
(seen)
______________________________________________________________________
3. My sister and I ___________ ______________ by air many times.
(travel)
______________________________________________________________________
4. Maria __________ _______________ her homework. (finish)
______________________________________________________________________
5. Susie __________ _________________ many pencils. (borrow)
______________________________________________________________________
6. Her teacher ___________ ________________ a big birthday cake. (bring)
______________________________________________________________________
7. I _________ _______________ the whole book. (read)
______________________________________________________________________
8. He _________ ________________ a flatbed. (drive)
______________________________________________________________________
9. We __________ _______________ a tow truck. (buy)
______________________________________________________________________
10. She __________ ________________ his lunch in the cafeteria. (eat)
______________________________________________________________________
11. The dog ___________ ________________ the bone. (bite)
______________________________________________________________________
12. Mark __________ _______________ the dishes. (do)
______________________________________________________________________
13. The __________ _______________ a hole in the back yard. (dig)
______________________________________________________________________
14. The peso __________ ________________ before the dollar. (fall)
______________________________________________________________________
15. Rene __________ ________________ money from the bank. (draw)
______________________________________________________________________
16. My students ___________ ________________ me a headache. (give)
______________________________________________________________________
17. Pavarotti ___________ ________________ in Carnegie Hall. (sing)
______________________________________________________________________
18. I ___________ _______________ three books already. (write)
19. I ___________ ________________ to Puerto Rico (be)
______________________________________________________________________
20. We __________ _______________ the well. (draw)
______________________________________________________________________
21. The children __________ _______________ me crazy. (drive)
______________________________________________________________________
22. The baby __________ ________________ all morning. (sleep)
______________________________________________________________________
1. Mr. and Mrs. Smith _________ _______________ their house. (sold)
______________________________________________________________________
2. Those tourists _________ ______________ all of our national monuments.
(seen)
______________________________________________________________________
3. My sister and I ___________ ______________ by air many times.
(travel)
______________________________________________________________________
4. Maria __________ _______________ her homework. (finish)
______________________________________________________________________
5. Susie __________ _________________ many pencils. (borrow)
______________________________________________________________________
6. Her teacher ___________ ________________ a big birthday cake. (bring)
______________________________________________________________________
7. I _________ _______________ the whole book. (read)
______________________________________________________________________
8. He _________ ________________ a flatbed. (drive)
______________________________________________________________________
9. We __________ _______________ a tow truck. (buy)
______________________________________________________________________
10. She __________ ________________ his lunch in the cafeteria. (eat)
______________________________________________________________________
11. The dog ___________ ________________ the bone. (bite)
______________________________________________________________________
12. Mark __________ _______________ the dishes. (do)
______________________________________________________________________
13. The __________ _______________ a hole in the back yard. (dig)
______________________________________________________________________
14. The peso __________ ________________ before the dollar. (fall)
______________________________________________________________________
15. Rene __________ ________________ money from the bank. (draw)
______________________________________________________________________
16. My students ___________ ________________ me a headache. (give)
______________________________________________________________________
17. Pavarotti ___________ ________________ in Carnegie Hall. (sing)
______________________________________________________________________
18. I ___________ _______________ three books already. (write)
19. I ___________ ________________ to Puerto Rico (be)
______________________________________________________________________
20. We __________ _______________ the well. (draw)
______________________________________________________________________
21. The children __________ _______________ me crazy. (drive)
______________________________________________________________________
22. The baby __________ ________________ all morning. (sleep)
______________________________________________________________________
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE. (4)
Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect form and the verb in parenthesis. Translate the sentences.
1. Mr. and Mrs. Smith _________ _______________ their house. (sold)
______________________________________________________________________
2. Those tourists _________ ______________ all of our national monuments.
(seen)
______________________________________________________________________
3. My sister and I ___________ ______________ by air many times.
(travel)
______________________________________________________________________
4. Maria __________ _______________ her homework. (finish)
______________________________________________________________________
5. Susie __________ _________________ many pencils. (borrow)
______________________________________________________________________
6. Her teacher ___________ ________________ a big birthday cake. (bring)
______________________________________________________________________
7. I _________ _______________ the whole book. (read)
______________________________________________________________________
8. He _________ ________________ a flatbed. (drive)
______________________________________________________________________
9. We __________ _______________ a tow truck. (buy)
______________________________________________________________________
10. She __________ ________________ his lunch in the cafeteria. (eat)
______________________________________________________________________
11. The dog ___________ ________________ the bone. (bite)
______________________________________________________________________
12. Mark __________ _______________ the dishes. (do)
______________________________________________________________________
13. The __________ _______________ a hole in the back yard. (dig)
______________________________________________________________________
14. The peso __________ ________________ before the dollar. (fall)
______________________________________________________________________
15. Rene __________ ________________ money from the bank. (draw)
______________________________________________________________________
16. My students ___________ ________________ me a headache. (give)
______________________________________________________________________
17. Pavarotti ___________ ________________ in Carnegie Hall. (sing)
______________________________________________________________________
18. I ___________ _______________ three books already. (write)
19. I ___________ ________________ to Puerto Rico (be)
______________________________________________________________________
20. We __________ _______________ the well. (draw)
______________________________________________________________________
21. The children __________ _______________ me crazy. (drive)
______________________________________________________________________
22. The baby __________ ________________ all morning. (sleep)
______________________________________________________________________
1. Mr. and Mrs. Smith _________ _______________ their house. (sold)
______________________________________________________________________
2. Those tourists _________ ______________ all of our national monuments.
(seen)
______________________________________________________________________
3. My sister and I ___________ ______________ by air many times.
(travel)
______________________________________________________________________
4. Maria __________ _______________ her homework. (finish)
______________________________________________________________________
5. Susie __________ _________________ many pencils. (borrow)
______________________________________________________________________
6. Her teacher ___________ ________________ a big birthday cake. (bring)
______________________________________________________________________
7. I _________ _______________ the whole book. (read)
______________________________________________________________________
8. He _________ ________________ a flatbed. (drive)
______________________________________________________________________
9. We __________ _______________ a tow truck. (buy)
______________________________________________________________________
10. She __________ ________________ his lunch in the cafeteria. (eat)
______________________________________________________________________
11. The dog ___________ ________________ the bone. (bite)
______________________________________________________________________
12. Mark __________ _______________ the dishes. (do)
______________________________________________________________________
13. The __________ _______________ a hole in the back yard. (dig)
______________________________________________________________________
14. The peso __________ ________________ before the dollar. (fall)
______________________________________________________________________
15. Rene __________ ________________ money from the bank. (draw)
______________________________________________________________________
16. My students ___________ ________________ me a headache. (give)
______________________________________________________________________
17. Pavarotti ___________ ________________ in Carnegie Hall. (sing)
______________________________________________________________________
18. I ___________ _______________ three books already. (write)
19. I ___________ ________________ to Puerto Rico (be)
______________________________________________________________________
20. We __________ _______________ the well. (draw)
______________________________________________________________________
21. The children __________ _______________ me crazy. (drive)
______________________________________________________________________
22. The baby __________ ________________ all morning. (sleep)
______________________________________________________________________
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE. (3)
A verb form made with (have or has) + the Past Participle.
The Present Perfect expresses an action that began in the past and continuous into the present we often use the present perfect to show the connection between the past and the present.
We have had this flat since 1954.
I’ve studied English all my life.
To express an action that happened in the past when no
specific past time is mentioned:
I have read that book.
We often use time words with the Present Perfect Tense.
Since, for, already, never, yet, once, twice, ever, always, often.
I have = (aiv) I’ve
You have = (yu:v) You’ve
He has = (ji:s) He’s
She has = (shi:z) She’s already eaten.
It has = (its) It’s
We have = (ui:v) we’ve
You have = (yu:v) You’ve
They have = (dei:v) They’ve)
Grammar note: “he’s” means “he is” and “he has”
“she’s” means “she is” and “she has”
“it’s” means “it is” and “it has”
The Present Perfect expresses an action that began in the past and continuous into the present we often use the present perfect to show the connection between the past and the present.
We have had this flat since 1954.
I’ve studied English all my life.
To express an action that happened in the past when no
specific past time is mentioned:
I have read that book.
We often use time words with the Present Perfect Tense.
Since, for, already, never, yet, once, twice, ever, always, often.
I have = (aiv) I’ve
You have = (yu:v) You’ve
He has = (ji:s) He’s
She has = (shi:z) She’s already eaten.
It has = (its) It’s
We have = (ui:v) we’ve
You have = (yu:v) You’ve
They have = (dei:v) They’ve)
Grammar note: “he’s” means “he is” and “he has”
“she’s” means “she is” and “she has”
“it’s” means “it is” and “it has”
Have / Has to complete the sentences.
Write the correct verb. Translate.
1. Mark ____________ to go to school on Saturday.
______________________________________________________________
2. You ____________ to graduate from high school if you want to be
somebody.
______________________________________________________________
3. He ____________ to be eighteen to be able to buy a beer in Mexico.
______________________________________________________________
4. Alex ____________ to finish his homework.
______________________________________________________________
5. We ____________ to buy a cake for Mother’s day..
______________________________________________________________
6. Monica ____________ to look up the words in the dictionary.
______________________________________________________________
7. Yakima ____________ to work the grave yard shift.
______________________________________________________________
8. Yoko ____________ to sing to her late husband.
______________________________________________________________
9. You ____________ to brush your teeth after every meal.
______________________________________________________________
10. We ____________ to buy milk if you want to eat Corn Flakes.
______________________________________________________________
1. Mark ____________ to go to school on Saturday.
______________________________________________________________
2. You ____________ to graduate from high school if you want to be
somebody.
______________________________________________________________
3. He ____________ to be eighteen to be able to buy a beer in Mexico.
______________________________________________________________
4. Alex ____________ to finish his homework.
______________________________________________________________
5. We ____________ to buy a cake for Mother’s day..
______________________________________________________________
6. Monica ____________ to look up the words in the dictionary.
______________________________________________________________
7. Yakima ____________ to work the grave yard shift.
______________________________________________________________
8. Yoko ____________ to sing to her late husband.
______________________________________________________________
9. You ____________ to brush your teeth after every meal.
______________________________________________________________
10. We ____________ to buy milk if you want to eat Corn Flakes.
______________________________________________________________
AUXILIARY VERBS HAVE - HAS
GRAMMAR NOTE:
Some verb forms need help. A verb that helps another verb
Is called a helping verb or auxiliary verb. The helping verb
comes before the main verb.
She is going to school.
helping verb / main verb
Underline the helping verbs in the sentences below.
1. The students have finished their monthly exams.
2. The scientist has been working in his laboratory.
3. The spacecraft is flying very fast.
4. She is talking to the teacher.
5. The teachers have prepared their final exams.
6. We will be hunting deer this season.
7. The cucumbers have been ripe since yesterday.
8. Thomas is eating garlic bread.
Some verb forms need help. A verb that helps another verb
Is called a helping verb or auxiliary verb. The helping verb
comes before the main verb.
She is going to school.
helping verb / main verb
Underline the helping verbs in the sentences below.
1. The students have finished their monthly exams.
2. The scientist has been working in his laboratory.
3. The spacecraft is flying very fast.
4. She is talking to the teacher.
5. The teachers have prepared their final exams.
6. We will be hunting deer this season.
7. The cucumbers have been ripe since yesterday.
8. Thomas is eating garlic bread.
“HAVE / HAS”
Have is used in several ways. It can have the forms of an
auxiliary verb (questions and negatives without do.)
“Have you seen Alex? No, I haven’t.
It can also have the forms of an ordinary verb questions and negatives with do.
Where did you have lunch?
I don’t often have headaches.
Have is used as an auxiliary verb to make the present and past Perfect tenses.
Have you seen George anywhere?
I expected to have finished in a couple of weeks.
Have (got) to (obligation)
Have or Have got to can be used with a to + infinitive
to express the idea of obligation.
Sorry, I have got to go.
How often do you have to see the dentist?
auxiliary verb (questions and negatives without do.)
“Have you seen Alex? No, I haven’t.
It can also have the forms of an ordinary verb questions and negatives with do.
Where did you have lunch?
I don’t often have headaches.
Have is used as an auxiliary verb to make the present and past Perfect tenses.
Have you seen George anywhere?
I expected to have finished in a couple of weeks.
Have (got) to (obligation)
Have or Have got to can be used with a to + infinitive
to express the idea of obligation.
Sorry, I have got to go.
How often do you have to see the dentist?
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