Irregular Past Participles
Choose the correct past participle form, and TRANSLATE.
1.- Begin: We're late, the game has already ______.
begin / begun / began
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2.-Break: Shelley can't go skiing any more. She has ______ her leg.
broken / breaken / broke
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3.- Become: In the last few years, it has ______ more and more difficult to get into college.
become / became / becume
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4.- Bring: Duncan's here, and he's ______ some sandwiches!
braught / brung / brought
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5.- Choose: She's getting married in a week, and she hasn't ______ her dress yet.
choosen / chose / chosen
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6.- Drink: It's so hot that I've ______ five cans of Coke already this afternoon.
drank / drunk / drunken
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7.- Eat: You've ______ my lunch! How dare you!
eat / ate / eaten
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8.- Fall: The price of oil has ______ rapidly since January.
fell / felt / fallen
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9.- Feel: I've never ______ so good!
felt / feelen / fold
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10.- Hear: Have you ______ about the accident?
heared / hearn / heard
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11.- Lose: I've ______ my grammar book. Have you seen it?
lost / loose / losen
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12.- Put: I found your grammar book under the table. I've ______ it away on the bookshelf.
put / putten / pought
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13.- Run: Jan's out of breath because she's ______ all the way from the bus terminal.
ran / run / runnen
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14.- Sell: Have you ______ your car yet?
sellen / sole / sold
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15.- Show: Stewart hasn't ______ up yet. He must have been delayed.
shew / shown / showed
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16.- Sleep: I was so exhausted after the exam that I ______ for twelve hours.
sleep / sleeped / slept
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17.- Steal: Someone has ______ my bicycle!
stolen / stole / stelt
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18.- Swim: She's never ______ in the sea before.
swim / swum / swam
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19.- Teach: Gerry has ______ English at IVC for many years.
tought / taught / teach
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20.- Write: How many pages have you ______ for your homework?
writen / wrote / written
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Sunday, January 4, 2009
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (1)
Here is a brief review of the form and function of the present perfect tense.
1.- The present perfect is used when the time period has not finished:
e.g. = I have seen three movies this week. (This week has not finished yet.)
1.- El presente perfecto se usa cuando una accion NO ha terminado:
ej: Yo he visto tres peliculas esta semana. (Esta semana aun NO termina)
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2.- The present perfect is often used when the time is not mentioned:
e.g. = Gerry has failed his exam again.
2.- El presente perfecto seguido es usado cuando el tiempo NO es mencionado:
ej: Gerry ha reprobado su examen. (pero NO especifica cuando)
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3.- The present perfect is often used when the time is recent:
e.g = John has just arrived in Tijuana.
3.- El presente perfecto seguido se usa cuando el tiempo es reciente:
ej: John acaba de llegar a Tijuana.
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4.- The present perfect is often used with for and since.
e.g. Greg has lived here for 20 years.
e.g. Greg has lived here since 1978.
4.- El presente perfecto seguido se usa con por y desde.
e.j. Greg ha vivido aqui por 20 años.
e.j. Greg ha vivido aqui desde 1978.
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The present perfect is formed like this:
The present perfect is formed like this:
--Auxiliary verb: have / has
+ past participle
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Present Perfect Tense.
El presente Perfecto se forma asi:
--Verbos auxiliares: have / has
+ el pasado participio
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Tiempo Presente Perfecto.
Sunday, January 27, 2008
Passive Voice chart.
The following chart includes sentences changed from the *active* to the *passive* in the principal tenses.
Active = They make Fords in Cologne.
Passive = Fords are made in Cologne.
Reference Time = Present Simple
Active = Susan is cooking dinner.
Passive = Dinner is being cooked by Susan
Reference time = Present Continuous
Active = James Joyce wrote "Dubliners".
Passive = "Dubliners" was written by James Joyces.
Reference time = Past Simple
Active = They were painting the house when I arrived.
Passive = The house was being painted when I arrived.
Reference time = Past Continuous
Acive = They have produced over 20 models in the past two years.
Passive = Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years.
Reference time = Present Perfect
Active = They are going to build a new factory in Portland.
Passive = A new factory is going to be built in Portland.
Reference time = Future Intention with *Going to*
Active = I will finish it tomorrow.
Passive = It will be finished tomorrow.
Reference time = Future Simple
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The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice
Tense = Simple Present
Auxiliary = am/is/are
Verb Form = past participle
Tense = Present Continuous
Auxiliary = am/is/are being
Verb form = past participle
Tense = Present Perfect
Auxiliary = have/has been
Verb form = past participle
Tense = Present Perfect Continuous**
Auxiliary = have/has been being
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Simple Past
Auxiliary = was/were
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Past Continuous
Auxiliary = was/were being
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Past Perfect
Auxiliary = had been
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Past Perfect Continuous**
Axiliary = had been being
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Simple Future
Auxiliary = will (shall) be*
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Future Continuous**
Auxiliary = will (shall)/ be / being
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Future Perfect
Auxiliary = will (shall)/ have been
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Future Perfect Continuous**
Auxiliar verb = will (shall) have been being
Verb tense = past participle
* The other modal auxiliaries form conjugations in the same way as shown for will and shall.
** The Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous tenses of the Passive Voice are cumbersome, and are rarely used. Only the more commonly used tenses of the Passive Voice will be discussed below.
Active = They make Fords in Cologne.
Passive = Fords are made in Cologne.
Reference Time = Present Simple
Active = Susan is cooking dinner.
Passive = Dinner is being cooked by Susan
Reference time = Present Continuous
Active = James Joyce wrote "Dubliners".
Passive = "Dubliners" was written by James Joyces.
Reference time = Past Simple
Active = They were painting the house when I arrived.
Passive = The house was being painted when I arrived.
Reference time = Past Continuous
Acive = They have produced over 20 models in the past two years.
Passive = Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years.
Reference time = Present Perfect
Active = They are going to build a new factory in Portland.
Passive = A new factory is going to be built in Portland.
Reference time = Future Intention with *Going to*
Active = I will finish it tomorrow.
Passive = It will be finished tomorrow.
Reference time = Future Simple
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The Formation of the Indicative Mood of the Passive Voice
Tense = Simple Present
Auxiliary = am/is/are
Verb Form = past participle
Tense = Present Continuous
Auxiliary = am/is/are being
Verb form = past participle
Tense = Present Perfect
Auxiliary = have/has been
Verb form = past participle
Tense = Present Perfect Continuous**
Auxiliary = have/has been being
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Simple Past
Auxiliary = was/were
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Past Continuous
Auxiliary = was/were being
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Past Perfect
Auxiliary = had been
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Past Perfect Continuous**
Axiliary = had been being
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Simple Future
Auxiliary = will (shall) be*
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Future Continuous**
Auxiliary = will (shall)/ be / being
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Future Perfect
Auxiliary = will (shall)/ have been
Verb tense = past participle
Tense = Future Perfect Continuous**
Auxiliar verb = will (shall) have been being
Verb tense = past participle
* The other modal auxiliaries form conjugations in the same way as shown for will and shall.
** The Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous tenses of the Passive Voice are cumbersome, and are rarely used. Only the more commonly used tenses of the Passive Voice will be discussed below.
Passive Voice
The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action.
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The Passive is formed: Passive Subject To Be Past Particple
· It is often used in business and in other areas where the object of the action is more important than those who perform the action. ·
For Example: We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years.
· Changes to: Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years.
· If the agent (the performer of the action) is important, use "by"
· For Example: Tim Wilson wrote "The Flight to Brunnswick" in 1987.
· Changes to: "The Flight to Brunnswick" was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.
· Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive.
Saturday, December 15, 2007
Articles = Special Rules & Exceptions.
COMMON EXPRESIONS WITHOUT ARTICLES.
In a number of common expresions, an article is dropped after a preposition.
to school / at school / from school / in/to class / to/at/from university/college
to/in/into/from church, to/in/into/out of prison = hospital = bed
to/at/from work, to/at sea, to/in/from town, at/from home,
for breakfast, at lunch, to dinner, etc.
at night, at midday,
by/car/bus/bicycle/plane/train/boat.
on foot, to go to sleep.
NOTE: the use of home, instead of *to home* (I'm going home)
When you say (I'm going to the home) you are talking about a retirement-home.
(Un asilo de ansianos)
An article can change the meaning of a sentence.
He's in prison. (as a prisoner)
He's in the prison. (perhaps as a visitor)
In a number of common expresions, an article is dropped after a preposition.
to school / at school / from school / in/to class / to/at/from university/college
to/in/into/from church, to/in/into/out of prison = hospital = bed
to/at/from work, to/at sea, to/in/from town, at/from home,
for breakfast, at lunch, to dinner, etc.
at night, at midday,
by/car/bus/bicycle/plane/train/boat.
on foot, to go to sleep.
NOTE: the use of home, instead of *to home* (I'm going home)
When you say (I'm going to the home) you are talking about a retirement-home.
(Un asilo de ansianos)
An article can change the meaning of a sentence.
He's in prison. (as a prisoner)
He's in the prison. (perhaps as a visitor)
Golden rules for Articles (a / an - the)
Articles a / an with or without “H”.
“A” before words beginning with a consonant sound.
a table a man a big city a University = (yuniversity)
“AN” before words beginning with a vowel sound.
an apple / an orange / an apostle / an hour =(our)
“A” before “H” when “H” is pronounced like “J”
a hole = (jo) a Hebrew = (ji) a hug = (ja) a hammer = (ja)
a house = (ja) a hymn = (ji)
“AN” before “H” when “H” is silent.
an honest man (o) an heir (e) an hour (a)
The articles “A” / “AN” are SINGULAR words, do not use them
with plural nouns.
GOLDEN RULES FOR ARTICLES.
THE = el, la, los, las, lo.
· DON’T use THE with Proper names, Countries, etc.
(the Tom, the Mary, the Rome, = IS WRONG)
* You CAN use THE with NATIONALITIES.
The Mexicans The Romans The Canadians
· You CAN’T use THE with the words CHURCH, SCHOOL, HOME
when they are used as an INSTITUTION.
We are going to church.
They are going to school.
I’m going home.
· You CAN use THE with the words CHURCH, SCHOOL, HOME when they are used as a BUILDING
We are going to fix the church.
They are going to paint the school.
I’m going to the Home. (rest home)
NEVER use TO with the words HOME and DOWN TOWN.
I’m going downtown. (not: I’m going to downtown)
I’m going home. (not: I’m going to home.)
DO NOT USE "THE" (with plural and uncountable nouns) to talk about things in general.
LIFE IS HARD. (NOT = "The life is hard")
DO NOT USE SINGULAR COUNTABLE NOUNS WITHOUT ARTICLES.
the car, a car, (but not, *car)
NEVER USE TWO ARTICLES TOGETHER.
(The, a man. = is wrong) We say "The man" or "A man"
Use A/AN to say what people's professions or jobs are.
She's a banker. (NOT: She's bank manager)
Never use THE with demostratives, (this, that, these, those)
(The, that man = is wrong) We say: "The man" or "That man"
Don't , use THE with: SOME, ANY, YOUR, HIS.
THE = THY
THY = is old English, it is also used by the "Quakers"
Thy father, (vuestro padre) Thy mother, (vuestra madre)
Thy = is also used in the "Lord's prayer" = (El Padre Nuestro)
MOST MISTAKES WITH ARTICLES ARE MADE BY BREAKING ONE OF THESE RULES.
“A” before words beginning with a consonant sound.
a table a man a big city a University = (yuniversity)
“AN” before words beginning with a vowel sound.
an apple / an orange / an apostle / an hour =(our)
“A” before “H” when “H” is pronounced like “J”
a hole = (jo) a Hebrew = (ji) a hug = (ja) a hammer = (ja)
a house = (ja) a hymn = (ji)
“AN” before “H” when “H” is silent.
an honest man (o) an heir (e) an hour (a)
The articles “A” / “AN” are SINGULAR words, do not use them
with plural nouns.
GOLDEN RULES FOR ARTICLES.
THE = el, la, los, las, lo.
· DON’T use THE with Proper names, Countries, etc.
(the Tom, the Mary, the Rome, = IS WRONG)
* You CAN use THE with NATIONALITIES.
The Mexicans The Romans The Canadians
· You CAN’T use THE with the words CHURCH, SCHOOL, HOME
when they are used as an INSTITUTION.
We are going to church.
They are going to school.
I’m going home.
· You CAN use THE with the words CHURCH, SCHOOL, HOME when they are used as a BUILDING
We are going to fix the church.
They are going to paint the school.
I’m going to the Home. (rest home)
NEVER use TO with the words HOME and DOWN TOWN.
I’m going downtown. (not: I’m going to downtown)
I’m going home. (not: I’m going to home.)
DO NOT USE "THE" (with plural and uncountable nouns) to talk about things in general.
LIFE IS HARD. (NOT = "The life is hard")
DO NOT USE SINGULAR COUNTABLE NOUNS WITHOUT ARTICLES.
the car, a car, (but not, *car)
NEVER USE TWO ARTICLES TOGETHER.
(The, a man. = is wrong) We say "The man" or "A man"
Use A/AN to say what people's professions or jobs are.
She's a banker. (NOT: She's bank manager)
Never use THE with demostratives, (this, that, these, those)
(The, that man = is wrong) We say: "The man" or "That man"
Don't , use THE with: SOME, ANY, YOUR, HIS.
THE = THY
THY = is old English, it is also used by the "Quakers"
Thy father, (vuestro padre) Thy mother, (vuestra madre)
Thy = is also used in the "Lord's prayer" = (El Padre Nuestro)
MOST MISTAKES WITH ARTICLES ARE MADE BY BREAKING ONE OF THESE RULES.
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